American International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences
Aims and Scope American International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences is a Double-Blind Peer-Reviewed Refereed International Journal for social science academics. The AIJHASS aims to provide a platform for high-quality research related to Social Science Research. The journal accepts article submissions by e-mail (aijhass@acseusa.org). The subject areas include, but are not limited to the following fields:- Education Geography History Law Linguistics Management philosophy Political science Psychology Sociology Child development Curriculum Reading comprehension Philosophies of education Educational approaches Theory and practice in English language teaching and learning English language teachers’ training and education Studies in English culture and literature Individual learning & team learning Learning strategies, action learning Educational learning Self-managed learning Work-based learning Organizational learning Experiential learning Social learning Knowledge management Training and development Psychology development Attitude development Organization development Leadership and management development Human resource management, Human capital development Sociological development Theoretical linguistics Descriptive linguistics and applied linguistics Early childhood education Higher education Vocational education Distance education Special education Educational technology Psychology Administration Evaluation Teaching and learning Educational theory Policy and practice Educational administration and evaluation Educational psychology Educational technology Creativity and entrepreneurship at schools Sociology of education, language teaching Sports pedagogy Educational administration Language education Teacher education Educational technology Business education Medical education Sociology of education The social context of education Curriculum studies Technology and design education educational change Theory of education Economics of environmental management Environmental impact assessment Environmental legislation Environmental policies and politics Environmental systems Improved energy efficiency Process modification for pollution prevention Remediation of contaminated sites Resource quality, quantity, and sustainability Spill prevention and management Sustainability, sustainable development approaches, and methods Transport and fate of pollutants in the environment Waste treatment and disposal Water and energy-related issues Climate change, ecology, and sustainable development Waste and water management Renewable and sustainable energy Environmental technologies, green construction, and sustainable development Environmental economics and policy Urban planning and development Social sciences and humanities Social impact assessment Sustainable agricultural systems Urban Geography Spatial Resource management Land use Environmental and ecological Regional economics and development issues, other regional-related topics Interventions for children, youths, and families, disability study, and practice Health social work, gerontology policy and practice, mental health, work stress, criminal justice Social and economic development etc. Subject Area – Arts and Humanities. Subject Category –General Arts and Humanities. Subject Area – Social Sciences. Subject Category –General Social Sciences.
American Center of Science and Education
CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTABILITY (CEA) ASSESSMENT OF THE CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS OF BANGLADESH
Due to unplanned industrialization and unsustainable commercial activities, Bangladesh is facing serious environmental problems. The research examines if there is any effect of different attributes and sub-attributes in various corporate organizations in Bangladesh. This study employs survey data from practitioners and specialists from the Department of Environment, the judiciary department, NGOs, environmental scientists, cost and management accountants, lawyers, industrialists, members of the chamber house (association of industrialists), social and political leaders, and academicians. Through the participatory process, 24 sub-attribute cost centers under six attributes cost centers were identified for CEA assessment. The weight of each sub-attribute and attribute was determined through a pair-wise comparison matrix. In this study, the weights of 24 sub-attributes have resulted in the CEA assessment scale and indicate their effectiveness in measuring the environmental accountability of different corporate organizations. This study uses a multi-criteria decision-making technique to assess Bangladesh's corporate environmental accountability (CEA). Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used. The results reveal that given the overall weights of all sub-attributes, it is pretty apparent that from the results, the Image/Relationship attributes are the most noteworthy, followed by Regulatory and Contingent. The authors suggest that there should be a unified framework for assessing corporate environmental accountability, and this work is an ongoing attempt to develop such a unified framework for corporate environmental accountability CEA) assessment. The findings of this study suggest that the important considerations for each attribute cost center in different corporate organizations are identified. JEL Classification Codes: Q560, P28.
Research Paper/Theoretical Paper/Review Paper/Short Communication Paper
Corporate Organization, Natural Environment, Environmental Management, Environmental Protection, Social Responsibility And Environmental Awareness
Copyright (c) 2025 Steve Oscar D Rozario https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE SHIFT OF POWER: ANALYSING THE DECLINE OF USA'S INFLUENCE IN AFRICA IN FAVOUR OF CHINA
In recent years, the African continent has emerged as a key arena in the global power rivalry between the United States and China. This study delves into the shifting power dynamics in Africa, with a focus on the increasing influence of China amidst receding American dominance. The research employs document review to analyze the multifaceted nature of China's engagement in Africa, encompassing trade, infrastructure investments, and diplomacy, establishing China as Africa's primary trading partner. Notably, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) plays a pivotal role in reshaping Africa's infrastructure and economic landscape. Conversely, the United States has witnessed a decline in diplomatic presence, foreign aid reductions, and a diminished focus on economic engagement, leading to a decrease in its influence. The outcomes of this evolving dynamic are far-reaching. While Africa stands to benefit from potential economic transformation, concerns regarding debt sustainability and reliance on Chinese support persist. Geopolitically, Africa's strategic significance has triggered competition between China and the U.S., with potential implications for regional security. Moreover, Africa's critical role in global supply chains, particularly in resources such as minerals and energy, amplifies China's influence in global markets. African nations face the challenge of balancing economic growth, sovereignty, and regional stability. To counter China's expanding presence and enhance relations with African countries, the United States should prioritize revitalizing diplomacy, formulating a comprehensive trade policy, emphasizing development assistance, and collaborating on regional security initiatives. Cultivating cultural exchanges and respecting African agency are equally imperative steps in this endeavor. JEL Classification Codes: F51, F53, N40.
Africa, China, United States, Belt And Road Initiative, Diplomacy, Trade, Foreign Aid, Soft Power.
Copyright (c) 2024 Patrick Mushitsi , Nay Min San https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRENGTHENING TRUST TO REINFORCE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN MALAYSIA
This study explores the imperative of fostering Trust to enhance the organizational performance of local authorities in Malaysia. Recognizing Trust as a pivotal factor, the research delves into strategies for strengthening interpersonal relationships and institutional credibility. By addressing trust deficits, the study aims to provide actionable insights that can contribute to the overall effectiveness and efficiency of local governance in Malaysia. The primary focus of this research is to put into practice the idea of Trust, precisely honing in on the effectiveness of local authorities (LAs) in Malaysia. In this instance, the study employs the Community Integrity Building (CIB) concept, emphasizing the pivotal roles played by community monitors, contractors, and LAs in collectively navigating toward improved performance. It offers a continuous feedback mechanism that enhances understanding and improves Trust in services provided by the LAs. The paper objectively explores the measuring of Trust, therefore linking the vacuum between conceptualization and realization, which is hardly seen in LAs. Finally, it concludes by reflecting some insights on the potential of the CIB approach regarding the trust agenda towards building a more progressive and dynamic new public management ecosystem in a Malaysian organization setting. JEL Classification Codes: D73.
Reinforce, Organizational Performance, Local Authorities, Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Fadzli Bin Ahmad Tajuddin , Hamdan Bin Mohd Salleh , Abul Bashar Bhuiyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INVESTIGATING THE FINANCIAL STRENGTH IN THE ENERGY SECTOR: A STUDY ON TGTDCL
This study presents a descriptive study analyzing the financial strength of TGTDCL in the energy sector. The study examines various financial aspects, including shareholding pattern, annual turnover, net assets value per share, liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, working capital ratios, capital structure ratios, contribution to the national exchequer, and system loss reduction. Employing a descriptive research design, the study utilizes purposive sampling to select TGTDCL. Data is collected from TGTDCL's annual reports spanning 2017-18 to 2020-21 and analyzed using Ms Excel, incorporating descriptive statistics and ratio analysis. Findings indicate that TGTDCL's operations are influenced by government control. Nevertheless, the company exhibits consistent growth in annual turnover, indicating effectiveness in capitalizing on market opportunities and meeting gas demand. The upward trend in net assets value per share reflects growth of assets, benefiting shareholders. Additionally, positive liquidity ratios highlight improved financial health and effective short-term obligation management. However, profitability ratios reveal a decline in profit generation and conversion of revenues to earnings. The study emphasizes inventory management, enhanced collection processes, and optimized payment cycles for financial strengthening. Capital structure ratios underscore the need for managing debt levels and improving cash flow generation. TGTDCL's contributions to the national exchequer demonstrate financial responsibility and positive impact on the economy. Efforts in system loss reduction enhance operational efficiency and cost management. The findings contribute to understanding the financial landscape of the TGTDCL and offer insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers. Future research should consider qualitative factors and detailed financial data to comprehensively assess financial position of industries in the energy sector.
Liquidity, Financial Strength, Energy Sector, TGTDCL.
Copyright (c) 2022 Md. Salim Chowdhury , Md. Al-Imran , Md. Faisal-E-Alam , Md. Eqtedar Ul Hoque , Taposhi Parvin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMMUNICATING ATTITUDINAL CHANGE THROUGH BREASTFEEDING PRACTICE MEDIA CAMPAIGN: REVIEW OF RESPONSES FROM NURSING MOTHERS IN AROCHUKWU, SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
Studies have clearly shown that there are numerous health benefits accruing from breastfeeding, not only to infants but mothers also. However, adherence to breastfeeding practice remains a key challenge facing mothers and maternal health providers. The study which adopted survey research approach critically examined audience response to media campaign on the importance of breastfeeding in Arochukwu community of Abia State, Nigeria to determine the factors that actually militate against its practice as an ideal, healthy and accepted norm. Structured questionnaire was the principal instrument of data collection. A number of 185 respondents were randomly selected from seven health centers in the area, representing the population of the study. The data obtained were analyzed using tables and simple percentage calculation and graphs respectively to elucidate on the findings. Findings reveal that civilization/new cultural ideas were contributory to the decline in breastfeeding rate in Arochukwu. It was also found that there was a huge influence of the effects of social perception and lack of education resulting to mothers' neglect of breastfeeding practice in the area. Hence, the study concludes that the media and stakeholders in the health sector need to do more to effectively make mothers appreciate and appropriate the invaluable benefits of breastfeeding practice. It further recommends that conscious efforts should always be made by media campaigners to appropriately select and utilize suitable media channels for effective realization of objectives; more so, in the present context of addressing this key challenge of non-adherence to breastfeeding practice facing mothers generally, and particularly young mothers. JEL Classification Codes: H51, H52, H53, H75
Breastfeeding Practice, Infant and Maternal Health, Media Campaign, Suitable Media Channels.
Copyright (c) 2022 Samuel Okoronkwo Chukwu-Okoronkwo , Victor Kelechukwu Onwuka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ENVIRONMENTAL INSECURITY IN PAKISTAN: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES
This study investigates the contemporary environmental risks of air pollution and heat waves, their causes, and their impacts in Pakistan. The research aims to find out the reasons behind the response challenges despite introducing policy programs such as National Climate Change Policy Framework and initiatives like The Billion Tree Tsunami. This study has used a qualitative research approach by adding a case study analysis and an environmental expert’s opinion. The key findings have revealed that compared to the past, the nature of causes behind rising air pollution and intense heat waves has changed. Heavy traffic flow, stop-and-go traffic phenomenon, uncontrolled emissions, and rapid shifts in rainfall are the principal factors that harm Pakistan’s environment. From the expert’s point of view, the study also reveals that the response mechanism is facing hurdles due to institutional dissonance and lack of capacity building. Further, the findings suggest that a multi-layered approach involving policymakers, experts, academicians, and individuals through a community-driven approach can offer practical solutions. As the study has included the example of an individual-level digital response to current environmental threats, this research would provide a platform to make similar budget-friendly and technology-oriented approaches in the future. JEL Classification Codes : Q53, Q54, Q55, Q56, Q58.
Air Pollution, Climate Change, Environmental Insecurity, Heat Waves.
Copyright (c) 2022 Maham Zahoor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANTECEDENTS OF CONSUMERS’ CONTINUOUS INTENTION ON ONLINE PURCHASE: AN EXTENSION OF TAM MODEL
The purpose of this study is to detect and analyze the factors affecting consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping and examine the antecedent’s customer continues intentions to purchase on the online platforms. It also aims to extend and validate the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework in continuous online purchase behavior. The Proposed Model incorporates sevens antecedents (Behavioral factors, Technological Factors, Market Offerings, promotional Factors, attitudes towards online purchase, system effectiveness, and online shopping acceptance). The research employed structured survey questionnaires using 7-scale Likert points. SPSS version 22.0 was used to test the hypothesis and correlation among the factors. The findings indicate that variables like behavioral factors (trust, product attribute, service attribute), technological factors (result demonstration, perceived website reputation), promotions (advertisement, social media, electronic word of mouth), and market offerings (core value) are positively related to attitudes towards online purchase which is positively related to system effectiveness. Both attitudes towards the online purchase and system effectiveness determine the continuous intention to purchase online. This piece of work provides the conceptual framework of continuity of online purchase that can contribute to an academic perspective, and marketers can adopt strategies by understanding the antecedents of online shopping behavior. JEL Classification Codes : M19
Consumer Intentions, Online Purchase ,TAM, Extended TAM
Copyright (c) 2021 Israt Jahan , Kamrul Hasan Bhuiyan , Md. Ali Imran , Sadia Farjana , Tahira Khatun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM CAPITAL MARKET OF BANGLADESH
There are various economic indicators that demonstrate the strength or weakness of a country's economic condition and Gross Domestic Product is one of them, with capital market turnover contributing significantly to GDP. The broad objective of the study is to show an analysis of the importance of research and development of capital market of Bangladesh. And also is to provide identify the investors perception about the research and development of capital market of Bangladesh and give some recommendations and strategic insight to improve the quality research to contribute on future development of the capital market of Bangladesh. Moreover, How Capital Market Research will help to improve the capital market growth, finding new opportunities, diversifying market products and segmentations, improving Market efficiency, attracting foreign investment, increasing liquidity as well as making investment decisions. The research is based on a structured questionnaire survey procedure. The findings revealed that investors are interested in investing in the secondary market with lack of enough knowledge, confidence and market expertise.
Capital Market, Stock Market, Capital Market Research
Copyright (c) 2021 Md. Ali Imran , Jasia Mustafa , Tahrima Haque Beg , Naseem Jobayer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND WHISTLEBLOWING INTENTIONS: MEDIATING APPARATUS OF MORAL IDENTITY
Separation of strategic approaches and morals prompted various business outrages and untrustworthy practices in working environments. This encouraged researchers and practice holders to examine significance of ethical quality at work environment. In particular, the job that moral chiefs play in advancing positive representative practices is urgent. This examination article has featured the part of moral innovators in molding whistleblowing goals of their subordinates. Alongside, this exploration article has likewise researched the part of good character. An aggregate of four speculations, analyzing the immediate impact of moral initiative on moral personality and whistleblowing expectations and meditational job of good character were proposed. This exploration article embraced a period slacked research article plan and gathered data from representative friend dyads at three focuses on schedule. Number of respondents was 214; Cross-sectional technique was used for data collection. Respondents were selected from different services organizations from Multan. Data was analysed on SPSS and AMOS. Results were obtained by applying reliability test, ANOVA, Correlation test, and regression test by using PROCESS Macro. Results gained verified that the role of ethical leaders in shaping moral identity of employees as well as their whistleblowing intentions. The findings suggest that employees working under ethical leaders are inclined to stand up against malevolent and unethical practices taking place at their workplace. Thus, organizations must hire leaders with higher ethical inclinations and also train the existing leaders about importance of ethics. Moreover, this research article has highlighted multiple avenues for future research.
Ethical Leadership, Moral Identity, Whistleblowing Intentions, Identity, Social Identity Theory.
Copyright (c) 2021 Adnan Ismail, K. M. Anwarul Islam, Muhammad Zohaib, Sana Tasaduq, Muhammad Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GESTATIONAL LOSS: EMOTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS
This study attempts to verify the conditions of mothers who have gone through gestational loss. It is designed according to semi-structured interviews of affected mothers. Through semi-structured recorded interviews, directed questions were asked to ascertain perceptions that they were living through at that moment, about their adaptation to daily life, and about their mourning process and the quality of their professional activities. From the interviews, eight categorizations were created: symptoms of mourning; the time to return to work and daily routines; lack of societal recognition of mourning; mourning and spirituality; seeking of healthcare support; the fathers’ pain; the need of someone; who is this baby? And the following feelings were documented from the interviews: feelings of losing control of one’s life; broken dreams; feelings of incompleteness, guilt, and personal defeat; feelings of inferiority as a woman; subjective losses; losses in identity and eroticism; a woman’s role in society. Lastly, the study examines how gestational loss is unrecognized and unsupported by legislation, exposing a weakness in workers’ rights and unequal treatment regarding gender.
Gestational Loss, Mourning, Women’s Health, Patient-Centered Care, Humanizing Care.
Copyright (c) 2021 Gláucia Maria Moreira Galvão, Denise Streit Morsch , Eduardo Carlos Tavares, Maria Cândida Ferrarez Bouzada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AN EXAMINATION OF INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS ON THE USE OF LIBRARY INFORMATION RESOURCES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY IN ADAMAWA STATE
This study investigates the information literacy skill on the use of library information resources among undergraduate students in Adamawa State. The objectives of the study are to find out the level of information literacy skill of undergraduate student in Adamawa state, to determine the level of use of the information resources and to determine the challenges faced in the use of these information resources. Quantitative method of data collection was used using survey research design. The study revealed that most of the student has high level of information literary skill and they use information resource for academic purposes to a high extent, it was revealed from the findings that inadequate current reading and research materials are the major problem facing the use of information resources in University libraries in Adamawa.
Information Literacy Skills, Use, University Libraries.
Copyright (c) 2021 Aishatu Bello Dahiru https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COVID -19 AND THE PARALYSATION OF WOMEN LIVELIHOODS IN MICRO-ENTERPRISES IN MASVINGO URBAN, ZIMBABWE
Covid-19 has fast become a global catastrophic pandemic affecting all facets of life, including people’s livelihoods. Despite the devastating impact COVID-19 has caused across the globe, little has been researched on how lockdown intervention measures have affected livelihoods of entrepreneurial women. This study assesses how the conditions characterising the COVID-19 induced lockdown affected the livelihoods of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) entrepreneurial women in the Masvingo Province of Zimbabwe. The study reveals that COVID-19 lockdown in Zimbabwe was (and continues to be) marred with enforced restrictions on women in the informal sector. Women in the urban areas were the most affected. The vulnerability context among urban women was characterised by shock, stress and restlessness. Based on findings of this study, we advance that COVID-19 induced lockdown paralysed entrepreneurial women’s capital assets thereby militating against their self-sustenance, self-reliance and advancement. The closure of markets, mobility permits, corruption on COVID-19 relief cash transfer and subsidised mealie-meal worsened the entrepreneurial women’s shocks, stresses and restlessness. We therefore conclude that the impact of COVID-19 has not only compromised nations’ food security and health systems, but most importantly paralysed entrepreneurial women’s livelihoods, yet women in the African context, musha mukadzi – without a mother there is no home.
COVID-19, Entrepreneurial Women, Livelihoods, Mitigation.
Copyright (c) 2020 Sinikiwe Gwatidzo, Bernard Chazovachii https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Mother’s Account About Lactation in the Context of Perinatal Death
Objective: To discuss the importance of listening and having a humanized intervention in regard to the donation of breastmilk in the context of perinatal death. Methodology: Content analysis of an interview with a mother in mourning that went through a traumatic lactation following a perinatal death. This case study is one of qualitative, longitudinal research, realized over two partially-structured interviews with parents who had lost their babies with less than 22 weeks of gestation at a public hospital, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from February to October 2019. Results: The interviews in the case of “Eva” (hypothetical name) presented significant suffering from lactation following the death of her child and her mourning process, which caught the authors’ attention about the importance of this topic. Conclusions: Women who have lost their babies before, during, or after birth should be offered the option of donating their breastmilk, to allow them to choose what to do with it, and then to counsel them during the mourning process.
Mourning, Professional Training, Neonatal Death, Human Milk Banks, Disenfranchised Grief.
Copyright (c) 2020 Gláucia Maria Moreira Galvão, Eduardo Carlos Tavares, Ethyene Andrade Costa, Gláucia Rezende Tavares, Maria Candida Ferrarez Bouzada, Steven Eric Byrd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Unrecognizable Pain: Neonatal Loss and The Needs of Fathers
Objective: Verify the mourning and paternal suffering in the context of perinatal death, through interviews with the mothers that suffered a gestational loss. Methods: This study has a qualitative, longitudinal, and prospective research realized through two semi-structured interviews with parents who lost children with less than 22 weeks of gestation at the high-risk maternity ward at a public hospital, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from February-October 2019. In the interviews, a vital trait was paternal suffering, as evidenced by the mother's speech. This matter brought the authors attention. Results: The interviews in this study show evidence that men need to be tended regarding the time of neonatal loss. The women’s interviews expressed the suffering of their companions and demonstrated how they wished to share their pain with them during their period of mourning. The mothers provide evidence that they feel the need of their partners during gestational loss. Conclusions: Paternal suffering following neonatal loss is often ignored and forgotten about. Further research and directives of support, including supporting neonatal loss as part of the healthcare system, and meaningful steps to ensure quality treatment, are essential for making progress in this overlooked area.
Mourning, Professional Training, Neonatal Death, Disenfranchised Grief.
Copyright (c) 2020 Gláucia Maria Moreira Galvão, Denise Streit Morsch, Eduardo Carlos Tavares, Maria Candida Ferrarez Bouzada, Steven Eric Byrd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining the Use of Vocabulary Learning Strategies among EFL Learners in Baghlan University of Afghanistan
Vocabulary learning is one of the problems in language learning skills. Tackling such problems is to provide useful and effective strategies for enhancing students’ VLSs. Therefore, this study aims to survey vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) utilized among English as a Foreign Language learners (EFL) in Baghlan University of Afghanistan, and to study the high and least frequently used VLSs that contributes to the learners’ vocabulary knowledge. This study utilizes a descriptive quantitative research method with 67 EFL learners who participated in the survey questionnaire adopted from Oxford (1990) taxonomy of VLS from different faculties of Baghlan University. The findings indicated that EFL learners preferably utilize VLSs at a medium level, and the highly used vocabulary learning strategies are the social strategies through which they ask the native speakers, teachers, and classmates for the meanings of new words in English language conversation. Determination, cognitive, and memory strategies are respectively followed by the learners. Whereas, metacognitive strategies are the least used strategies among EFL learners, the reason is that they only focus on the materials related to examination; explore anything about the new words for learning, and rarely think of their improvement in vocabulary learning.
Vocabulary Learning Strategies, Social Strategies, Metacognitive Strategies, EFL Learners.
Copyright (c) 2020 Hamza Atifnigar, Zia Ur Rahman Zaheer , Wahidullah Alokozay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implications of Short Message Service (Text Messaging) on English Languge Writing and Learning Among Secondary School Students: A Case Study of Some Selected Secondary Schools in Olorunda Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria
The study investigated commonly used abbreviated words among the sampled population. It also determined the difference between those that abbreviated words and those that did not abbreviated words. The study revealed the list of abbreviated words in the study. And also ascertained which gender abbreviated words most. These were with a view to provide information on the implications of SMS language on English Language writing and learning of the students. The study adopted quantitative survey research design. The population for the study Comprised 83 senior secondary school students in Olorunda Local Government, Osun State. The sample size comprised 100 respondents, selected using multistage sampling technique. One Local Government Area (LGA) was selected from thirty Local Governments in the state using simple random sampling technique. From the LGA, four senior secondary school was selected using simple random sampling technique and from each school, 25 students were selected from senior secondary school II using simple random sampling technique. The students were taught for forty minutes on how to write a letter devoid of using abbreviated words and after the lesson, the students were asked to write a letter to their father informing him about social amenities in your school. Those letters were collected, marked and converted to data for this study. Data collected was analyzed using simple percentages. Those letter were collected, marked and converted to data for this study. The result showed commonly used abbreviated words by the respondents such as, pls (please) 9 times by 9 students, u (you) 26 times by 10 students , and fyn (fine) 5 times and so on. The result also revealed 51 students (representing 61.4%) did not abbreviated words in the letter writing and 32 students (representing 38.6%) abbreviated words in the letter. The result showed that female gender was the gender that abbreviated words most in the letter with 49% and male with 35%. Lastly, the result also revealed percentage of students that used abbreviated words 38.6% of the students used abbreviated words while 61.4% of the 100% total population did not used abbreviated words The study concluded that use of abbreviated words did not have effect on English language learning and writing among secondary school students in Olorunda Local Government, Osun State.
English language Learning and Short Message Service.
Copyright (c) 2020 Atoyebi Adeola Olusegun, Adesina Taiwo Rebecca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Educational Facilities in Nigeria-The Ekiti-South West Example
The aim of Education for the 21st Century is to enable every person to attain all-round development in the domains of ethics, intellect, physique, social skills and aesthetics according to his/her attributes so as to contribute to the future well-being of the nation and the world as a whole. The aim of the study was to assess the provision and maintenance of educational facilities in Ekiti State, Nigeria with a focus on the Ekiti-South West LGA and Community-Based Development Associations in the study area. This study adopted the survey research method and used three different sets of a questionnaire to collect research data from the authority of the Ekiti South-West LG Council officials, Community Development Unit of the LG Council and the 61 (CBDAs) officials were available in the study area. The findings among others revealed that majority of the secondary schools were privately-owned, while the primary and nursery/primary schools were Community-owned. However, the present monthly allocation from Federal Government to LGCs is grossly inadequate, and it is not enough to embark on provision and maintenance of educational facilities. Given the findings, there were need to improve the schools through additional appropriation and maintenance of the existing schools; finally, the governments and other stakeholders should inculcate good maintenance culture on our educational facilities for effective management with the intention of promoting high-quality education for the well-being of the nation.
Community Development, Educational Facilities, Ekiti South-West, Maintenance, Schools.
Copyright (c) 2020 S.E Okosun, C Omokhafe, O.E Dairo, C.A Olowookere https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Studies Teachers’ Readiness to Teach the Security Education Theme in the Reviewed Edition of Nigeria’s Basic Education Curriculum
This study analysed Social Studies teachers’ readiness to teach Security Education. 720 practicing Social Studies teachers drawn from 72 Junior Secondary schools in the South Western Nigeria were administered with a structured questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using simple non-parametric statistics. Findings showed that the teachers have a significantly low knowledge and awareness of the components of the Theme-Security Education. However, the teachers’ readiness to acquire additional useful knowledge and skills required for handling Security Education alongside their area of specialisation (Social Studies) was found to be significantly high. The teachers perceived the inclusion of Security Education in the reviewed Curriculum as a development that will create a significantly higher workload for them. Nevertheless, their response showed a relatively high degree of negative disposition towards the handling of the newly introduced Security Education theme in National Values class Based on these findings necessary recommendations focusing on the need for training and organizing workshops for curriculum implementers were suggested.
Social Studies, Security Education, Basic Education Curriculum, Civic Education, National Values, Practicing Teachers' Readiness, Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2020 Moshood Babatunde Lawal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Over The past four hundred years, Shakespeare has played a significant role within a European framework, particularly, where a series of political events and ideologies were being shaped. The birth of the nation during the late 18th and 19th centuries, the first and second world wars, the process of European unification during the 1990s, are a case in point. This part challenges the idea of an all-encompassing universal Shakespeare by demonstrating that Shakespeare and his plays transmitted across different histories, languages, and traditions meant something significantly different in these geographical contexts. Rejecting the existence of a universally absolute and singular Shakespearean meaning, I attempt to demonstrate that Shakespeare is always what he is imagined to be in a cultural and historical context. The various local and national appropriations and the universality of the cultural icon, “Shakespeare”, clash in the daily practice of interpreting, performing, and teaching his plays. This paper discusses Shakespeare’s appropriation and performance in East Germany. It focuses on the theatrical production and its cultural context in this country.
Shakespeare, East Germany, Appropriation, Performance, Context.
Copyright (c) 2020 Oumeima Mouelhi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ethnic Identity Politics and Contemporary Experience
This paper investigates the complex developments of identity in contemporary Africa considering that the emergence of identity politics is a consequence of the extraordinarily rapid and profound upheavals and transformations of human society at the turn of the 21st century. Contemporary world has considerably opened up and extraordinarily shrunk in specific historical circumstances. The act of migration particularly, is one that profoundly changes the individual, transforming the relationship of the migrant with his home country and new host country and then impacting their identity as a result. The expanding use of the term, identity politics, is scrutinized in this work and attempts are made at delineating its unwieldy parameters. This in turn reflects the socio-political composition of African societies.
Ethnicity, Identity, Politics, Contemporary Experience.
Copyright (c) 2020 Sarah Terwse Shittu , Ogbedu Michael https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Voter Education on Radio as Determinant of Voting Pattern of Indigenous Elderly Women in Akoko Land, Ondo State, Nigeria
Indigenous Nigerian society respect and believe so much in her elderly. Males and female elderly are transmitters of traditional norms and values in a sustainable manner in each community. As such, they are the sage and kingmakers appointing, decision makers through careful and flawless selection from character check overtime, delving into family history and divination of the traditional oracle. After coronation, such leaders are never corrupt; they live up to expectation by promoting the wellbeing of the masses. However, this practice has been eroded by colonization and westernization for a democratic way of appointing leaders through voting; as such countries design voter education for her citizenry. This study thus examined voter education as a determinant of voting pattern of indigenous elderly women in Akoko land through these research questions: (i) what is the demographic characteristics of the elderly women in the study area? (ii) What kind of voter education programmes is available on the selected radio stations? (iii) What is the level of participation of the women on the programme on radio? (iv) To what extent has the women benefited from their participation in voter education programme on radio? (v) How has the voter education received influenced the voting pattern of the women? The study adopted the descriptive survey research through multi stage sampling technique by purposively selecting sixty indigenous elderly women from areas of the four Local Government ( Okorun, Ese, Agbaluku, Iwaro-Oka, Supare, Oba, Erusu, Okeagbe. Findings of the study showed that voter education in the study area impacted minimally on the respondents resulting in their skewed knowledge and voting pattern (Grand mean 2.71+2.46+2.19+2.13=116.9/4=29.2). It is recommended among others that voter education should include indigenous education, a larger coverage and quality.
Voter Education, Radio, Indigenous Elderly Women.
Copyright (c) 2019 Oluwatoyin Dorcas Ayimoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Multicultural Comprehension of Traditional Dancing in Ghana and China: A Genealogical Analysis
This paper uncovers both Ghanaian and the Chinese various traditional dances in as much as multicultural comprehension is concerned. There is no denying of the fact that, China has a lot of rich and genealogical traditional dances as applicable to Ghana. Both countries have a peculiar historical traditional ways of doing things most especially dancing, in so far as their respective jurisdictions are concerned. Traditional dancing is not left out of the witness box when accounting for the genealogical analysis on both China and Ghana. Gone were the days when traditional dancing brings people together as one and also even provides a platform for people in meeting their life partners. This handful significance is still in existence.
Traditional Dance, Ghana, China, Multicultural, Genealogical Analysis.
Copyright (c) 2019 Aphu Elvis Selase https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Orphans’ Motivation for Higher Education
The purpose of this study was to find the level of orphans’ motivation for higher education and factors contributing their motivation for higher education. Since Kandahar is one of the historically and strategically important provinces of Afghanistan in which four-decade war have adversely affected different aspects of lives of its population. Orphan and education seem two contradictory terms in a country like Afghanistan with four-decade war history. The study is descriptive in nature where a quantitative questionnaire was designed to collect data from randomly selected 112 students studying in 10th, 11th and 12th of Shaikh Zaid orphanage and from 15 graduates through snowball sampling method. The findings revealed that orphans are motivated for higher education transportation, financial problem, daydreaming, distraction during study are the major challenges that prevent orphans from getting higher education.
Orphans, Motivation, Factors, Higher education
Copyright (c) 2019 Omidullah Akbari, Javed Sahibzada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nigeria’s Population Explosion and Its Underdevelopment Imperatives
This paper discussed the increasing danger of population explosion in Nigeria and its implication to available food supply and social infrastructures. The objective of the paper is to show that over population is the reason for high level of illiteracy, wide spread unemployment, poverty and violent crime. The study reveals that with the rate of population increase in Nigeria if nothing is done, time will come when it will result to environmental hazards, malnutrition and other infectious diseases. It observed that while other countries of the world like China and India with increasing rate of population like Nigeria are making serious efforts through Laws and legislation to combat this population increase. The Nigerian leaders are not putting any effort to fight this menace rather what is taking centre stage in Nigeria is this issue of corruption and embezzlement of government funds. The paper was of the opinion that this attitude of our leaders is what has resulted to unemployment armed robbery, kidnapping, underdevelopment and crises of killing and marginalization. It concluded by suggesting a way forward which includes reduction in early marriages which leads to increase in child bearing, corruption and poverty. Finally, it recommended that the government should encourage the people to do away with outdated customs and traditions which make it possible for people lay more emphasis on male children to the extent that unless they have male children, they will not be satisfied.
Nigeria Population, Explosion, Underdevelopment.
Copyright (c) 2019 Adedokun Jonathan Olusegun , Gabrielfavour Eke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Motherly Affection in Chokher Bali and Sons and Lovers: A Comparative Study
Rabindranath Tagore’s Chokher Bali and D.H Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers are two famous novels in the early 20th century from two different social culture. Both these novels have particular important issues in them to be discussed. As in Chokher Bali we find Tagore has presented his idea in feminism, man-woman relationship, woeful condition of widow in his contemporary society etc. In the same way in Sons and Lovers Lawrence has talked about critical mother-son relationship, social bondage among the characters, description of nature, problems in the lives of working class etc. Though Chokher Bali and Sons and Lovers are from different social context but they can be compared through the commonly discussed issue in them that is complex mother-son relationship and the impact of motherhood to the sons. This paper is going to discuss the impact of excessive motherly affection to the life of son, similarities and dissimilarities in mother-son relationship in Chokher Bali and Sons and Lovers.
Motherly affection, Tagore, Lawrence, Chokher Bali, Sons and Lovers.
Copyright (c) 2019 Salma Parvin Suma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Disaggregated Public Expenditure on Unemployment Rate of Selected African Countries: A Panel Dynamic Analysis Approach
The study demonstrated the impact of disaggregated public expenditure on unemployment rate in selected African countries with panel data spanning from 2000 to 2017. The data were majorly sourced from the World Bank Indicator. The study employed Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) techniques for empirical analysis. The findings of two-step system GMM showed that expenditure on infrastructure and education reduce unemployment rate, while expenditure on defense and health increase unemployment rate in the region. The short-run elasticity estimate showed that infrastructure and education expenditures reduce unemployment rate by 9% and 1.83%. A unit rise in defense and health expenditure increase unemployment rate by 5.2% and 84.5%. The long-run elasticity of infrastructure and education expenditure reduce unemployment rate by 3.8% and 7.89 %, while the long-run defense and health expenditure elasticity’s increase unemployment rate by 22.22% and 364.58% in the selected African countries. The policy implication is that, the positive relationship between expenditure on health and unemployment could be attributed to mismanagement of government funds due to corruption, while that of defense and unemployment could be high rate of insecurity and crimes in the region. Therefore, the study recommended among others a drastic measure to further improve the education sector through adequate investment in education that will help in skills, development and training.
African Countries, Expenditure Rate, Health, Defense, Education, Infrastructure, Unemployment.
Creative Map Instruction: An Experimental Effect on Biology Students’ Mental Ability
The study investigated the effect of creative map on senior secondary biology students’ mental ability. Three research questions were raised and answered. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest, posttest control group design. Two randomly selected schools involving a total of 71 biology students participated in the study. Biology Achievement Test (BAT) and Attitude towards Biology Questionnaire (ABQ) served data collection process. The sample were grouped into three ability levels (High, Medium and Low) using BAT before and after treatment administration. The experimental group was taught using creative map package while the control group was exposed to lecture method. Data collected was analyzed using frequency count, mean and Analysis of Variance. The result (F(1,61) =38.44; p<0.05, partial η2 = 0.39) revealed a positive influence of creative map on students’ mental ability with an upward movement from low and medium ability to high ability group. The study recommends the usage of creative map which offers to student the avenue to self-manage and actively participate in learning while enjoying equal platform to proceed with learning.
Creative map, Mental ability, Attitude to biology
Copyright (c) 2019 Augustinah Nireti Duyilemi , Grace Titilope Babafemi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Contributing Students Motivation Toward English Language Learning
The purpose of this research is to identify those factors that students are motivated toward English language learning. Furthermore, the study applied quantitative approach and the instrument was questionnaire to collect the data, and the questionnaire have been adopted, the software for analyzing the data were SPSS and calculated the percentage for the findings. Moreover, the major findings revealed as follow; first, English helps/will help me meet foreigners, second, English will be helpful for my career, third; English helps/will help me in my travel overseas and fourth; Studying English can be important for me because it will help me to further my studies.
Factors of Motivation, English Language Learning, At High School, Kandahar City
Copyright (c) 2019 Ahmad Anwari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Cohesion and Cultural Diversity in Contemporary Britain: Impossible Mission!
In contemporary multicultural Britain, the concept of social cohesion has been a pressing priority for not only politicians and sociologists but also for the various British ethnic minorities. Race riots like those of 2001 in Northern Britain and the events of 7/7 in London (2005) put into question the allegiances of different British ethnic populations. They equally shed light on the real or perceived lack of social and cultural communication between the established British host population and the British ethnic and immigrant communities. Hence, social cohesion came to the fore as the new jargon of governance in contemporary Britain.This article analyzes on the concept of social cohesion and its applicability within an officially declared multicultural community like that of Great Britain. The concept will be reviewed, defined and approached from different liberal political perspectives (Robert Dahl’s pluralist approach and Arend Lijphart’s consociationalism to the more recent Will Kymlicka’s group-differentiated citizenship) while paying special attention to the British context. Bhikhu Parekh’s conception of the different theoretical approaches to the issue of social cohesion that are pertinent to liberal capitalist societies in general and the British context, in particular, is investigated. The aim of this study is to highlight the complexity of the normative accounts of the political scientists regarding the challenges that face multicultural Britain in coming to terms with its endeavour of creating “unity within diversity”. The 2002 White Paper and security speech of David Cameron (2011) political discourses are analyzed and evaluated to decipher how they understood national identity in relation to cultural diversity and social cohesion.
Social Cohesion, Diversity, British Ethnic Minorities, Race.
Copyright (c) 2019 Hassen Zriba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of the Use of Indigenous Language in Disseminating Climate Change Information for Sustainable Environmental Development in Nigeria
Climate change has undoubtedly brought with it many seemingly intractable challenges and is already having significant impacts in Nigeria, and these impacts are expected to increase in the future. Rural dwellers environmental behaviour is not all that positive, because the language used in disseminating environmental issues, is mostly English and not the indigenous language. Information disseminated in English Language in most cases is not easily comprehended, because most of the rural dwellers are not literate in it. The instrument used is a self-constructed test. The study adopted the quasi experimental method. Purposeful sample was used to select two groups, with twenty people in each group. The two groups were taught the causes and effects of climate change, one group was taught using English Language and the other group using Yoruba. A test was administered to each group to determine their level of comprehension. Data were analysed using mean and standard deviation. Yoruba group are more in-depth in their knowledge of climate change than English group. The use of mother tongue is germane in the dissemination of information regarding environmental sustainability, however climate change messages will be most effective if there is mix of English Language and Yoruba Language as there is no segment of the society that will be left out.
Climate Change, Language, Mother Tongue, Adaptation, Mitigation.
Copyright (c) 2019 Adekunle Olatumile, Bola Tunde-Awe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0